Statically typed languages Dynamically typed languages Static and dynamic languages compared Strong and weak typing Gradual typing Compiling statically typed code Arguments for static and dynamic types Diversity of static type systems Type system power Some static type systems

Logic Gates De Morgan's Laws Building gates from NAND The Universality of NAND Adding numbers in computers Half adders Full adders Multi-bit addition

Programming language structure Code is mostly graphs Graphs in thought The call graph Reasoning about call graphs Module interaction graphs Structure of ubermodules Arguments against ubermodules Improving the module graph The package dependency graph Package granularity The utility of graph analysis

Network routing Packet switching Out-of-order packets Transmission windows and slow start Reliable transmission Physical networking Networking meets the real world The interconnected network stack